Endangered Species

I was just reading this article on an endangered species of lynx.
Iberian Lynx Article.

In my home state I suppose the only form of lynx is the common bobcat. I was thinking of the fate of the Carolina parakeet, the USA’s only native parrot.

A beautiful bird, prized both for its feathers and as a cage bird, it fell victim to loss of habtat, farmers viewing it as a pest, and a general lack of foresight in captive breeding. The Carolina parakeet is no more, other than taxidermied specimens.

As a teenager, I lived within a few miles of an eagle sanctuary, which was devoted to rescuing another great species, not unlike the predatory lynx, the monkey-eating eagle. Though the future of the monkey-eating eagle is in doubt, strides have been made toward rescuing it.

I was privileged to see Pag-Asa, whose name translates as “hope,” the first monkey-eating eagle born in captivity.

When it comes to these sorts of animals the matter gets difficult. The American buffalo (technically called a bison) made transportation in the American West quite hazardous, and thus they were largely killed off. I had the good fortune to have lived a few years, in my childhood, by a wildlife refuge where much of the successful conservation efforts were conducted. Today, the American buffalo survives more as a domesticated animal than a wild animal.

The mountain lion, or American panther, is another case. They are frightening… magnificent creatures… but also deadly. Efforts are made to preserve them, especially the rare Florida panther, but it is hard to save them and still protect other things.

I am glad for conservation efforts which would keep species from dying out. The white tailed deer, so common today throughout the United States, was once in serious decline, but through various efforts, from reforestation to limiting hunting, they are now abundant enough to be a major traffic hazard (sometimes I have to stop for them, in town).

It really does make me sads that we no longer have those birds. I used to read about them as a kid and hold out a secret hope that they hadn’t really been forced into extinction. :frowning:

I hate to hear about these things. What kind of pigeon was it that became extinct in the early 20th century?

White tailed deer certainly aren’t in decline here. They’re everywhere.

You’re kidding, right?

“The U.S. government recognized that the fates of the bison and the Indians of the plains were closely linked. In fact, the government encouraged the slaughter of the bison as a means of controlling, if not eradicating, the Indians. General Phil Sheridan publicly advocated this policy and was widely supported. He knew that every bullet freely provided by the government to hunt buffalo hastened the demise of the Indians.”

http://www.bisoncentre.com/resources/bce170/bce170_natural_history.html

I’m not surprised Gary. :imp:

The passenger pidgeon.

There were at least the two factors. The implication that the issue with the railroad was the only one, was unintentional.

Me too. My hopes were somewhat fed by the way the articles were sometimes written as if it weren’t absolutely certain they were extinct.

Yes…it would have been so wonderful to still have native wild parrots in our very own backyards.

The “job” of zoos now adays are not the display of animals to the public, although most still get the majority of revenue this way. They are responsible for the preservations of species.
It’s a sad fact that many species, due to habitat distruction, encroachment, or what have you, cannot exist in the “wild” any longer. Once you get below a population of 10,000, you are taking a great chance of an epedimic wiping out the entire species.

Check out the following site:
http://www.cincyzoo.org/Conservation/index.html

CREWs mission it to preserve, either as frozen embryos or frozen plant tissue, the genetic material of the world’s endangered species. That way, an embryo can be inplanted in a surrugate “mother” and still be born and have a chance.

Several other zoos, such as the Audobon(sp?) in New Orleans also are working on a frozen zoo project.

Zoos also are responsible for “breeding books” for each species. There are many species, such as the cheeta, that are basically “clones” because the genetic diversity has been lost. Zoos try to do pairings for mating based on the background of the animal so the genetic material isn’t weakened. Plus they try to do things like artificial insemination - it’s a lot easier to transport a “straw” than a 2 ton rhino across the country.

This is just ONE of the areas that gets me really upset with PETA and how they protest things they mustn’t really understand. Without zoos, there is NO way we’d have any Sumatrian Rhinos left today - but we’ve had the good fortune of having 2 born at the Cincinnati Zoo in the past 5 years. It took 10 years just to figure out when Emmi’s (the mother) fertile times were! (without going into a lot of detail, it involved taping charcoal canisters in certain areas of her body!!!)

Missy

There are quite a few great recovery stories out there. The white-tailed deer is probably the most glaring, however some waterfowl have made remarkable strides. I doubt the Canada Goose was ever endangered or threatened, but they’re so widespread these days that golf courses now hire out border collies to drive them away. I had never seen an osprey or great-blue heron before a few years ago, and now I see them on a regular basis. One great blue actually stopped off at my mother-in-law’s house and ate up all her coi. I think the most remarkable is the bald eagle. I think there were a few hundred, maybe a couple thousand, in the eastern US a couple of decades ago. I saw one about a year ago at Dulles Airport! I saw a flock in Maine a few years ago, and there’s a well-established population of a couple hundred along the James River around Richmond. Peregrine falcons are also establishing themselves in urban areas. There are about 8-10 nesting pairs on rooftops in Washington.

Then there are the California condors – a remarkable story.

Yeah, it sucks that we humans are trashing the earth, but there are some reasons for optimism here and there.

Chas, we probably see the very same Great Blues. This past summer I was standing in my aunt’s yard and a huge bird with a wingspan of at least 6 or 8 feet flew directly over my head. It wasn’t even very far off the ground. I’d seen them in the creeks and ponds before, but never had one fly so close to me. It scared me, but it was a very cool experience. I’m glad they’re not extinct…yet. :poke:

The mountain lion (as a species) is far from endangered - not to say that local subspecies like the Florida panther aren’t but the species as a whole has made a remarkable comeback, to the point that in the SF Bay Area the local parks post mountain lion warnings at the entrance to hiking trails (basically: don’t let small children hike alone, don’t look like a prey species, try to look large and dangerous if you see one).

The park nearest our house (Almaden Quicksilver County Park, on the edge of San Jose) follows a ridge of hills - 1 to 2 miles wide, about 6 miles long; according to the rangers the park (which literally has suburban back yards running up to the boundary) hosts at least two mountain lions, a much larger number of bobcat (I see these occasionally), deer, wild pig (a non-native feral species, but very successful), wild turkey, coyote, raccoon, opossum, both jack- and pygmy cottontail rabbits, turkey vultures (they love the thermals over the ridge), quail, and many other species.

Even with the mountain lions keeping their numbers down, the pigs are a real pest for people living near the park boundary - many folks wake up in the morning to find their yard torn up by a sounder of organic bulldozers in search of a meal. The coyotes and raccoons penetrate even further, using the streambeds running down from the park as a highway - the coyotes stay mostly out of sight (they occasionally kill domestic cats and small dogs left out at night), but it’s not unusual to see a raccoon crossing the street at night, or to wake up and hear raccoons rummaging around your yard.

All this is at the edge of the largest city in northern Califonia, with a population of nearly a million people. (Actually, the SF Bay urban area as a whole is over 6 million). Yet the only large native species that you won’t find in the wild in our area these days is the California Grizzly Bear - and I’m just as happy not to encounter Old Eph when I’m out hiking.

A good part of the reason for conservation success, though, is large-scale commercial agriculture - we don’t have as large a percentage of farmers, and we don’t try to farm marginal land as we did in the past. As a wealthy country, we can afford to leave some areas wild and still feed our population. Poorer countries with large populations don’t have that luxury, which is why captive breeding programs are so important.

This is true.

Yeah, I was surprised, a couple or so years ago, to see a bald eagle fly overhead, while I was sitting in a parking lot in Tulsa. There is actually an eagle sanctuary along the river in Tulsa. Phillips Petroleum has sponsored a breeding/conservation program for bald eagles in Oklahoma.

I’m just looking at some statistics on extinctions. These are not current but fairly recent ..not too many years ago. Between 1600 and 1900 we lost a species about once every 4 years. From 1900 to 1960 the rate was about 1 per year. Since than estimates range widely and wildly from 100 per year up to 40,000 per year since about 1975. The latter are based I suspect on the destruction of whole ecosystems. According to E.O. Wilson, it is unclear whether there are 10 million or 100 million species alive on earth at the time of his writing. Very few have been studied in depth. I suspect that all the figures involve pretty wild guesswork.

Even if the more conservative figures are closer to the mark, this is still an alarming trend. As ecosystems collapse we lose whole biotic communities. The ‘charismatic megafauna’ attract our attention; they range from the awesome to the cute and cuddly. But many species are disappearing or threatened that are barely visible, if at all, but which still have a crucial role to play in their environments. There is something deeply perverse about a culture which not only allows this to happen but which seems largely not to care.

On the issue of comebacks, I still hold out hopes for the thylacine (Tasmanian tiger), even though the last known individual died maybe 70 years ago. The Tasmanian wilderness is temperate rain forest and who knows what might be lurking in isolated pockets, or so I like to think. Very frightening is the current state of the Tasmanian devils—marsupials rather like small aggressive wombats, but not nearly so cute. :slight_smile: Many have been developing large facial cancerous growths that eventually kill them. Nobody really has much idea about what is going wrong with them.

The local highway construction was halted, temporarily, in order to preserve the endangered striped cricket, a species which is found only in the immediate area.

On the issue of comebacks, I still hold out hopes for the thylacine (Tasmanian tiger), even though the last known individual died maybe 70 years ago.

I tended to see the Tasmanian tiger and the Carolina parakeet as similar, or parallel, situations.

The Tasmanian wilderness is temperate rain forest and who knows what might be lurking in isolated pockets, or so I like to think. Very frightening is the current state of the Tasmanian devils—marsupials rather like small aggressive wombats, but not nearly so cute. > :slight_smile: >

Eats roots, and leaves, more vigorously, eh?

Many have been developing large facial cancerous growths that eventually kill them. Nobody really has much idea about what is going wrong with them.

In Oklahoma, the frogs and horny toads (a form of iguana, found especially in western part of the state) have been in decline, for uncertain reasons.

I think much the same happened here. The electric rail line through the escarpment was diverted to avoid disturbing a rare species of snail. Actually, I think this sort of thing would have been unthinkable a few decades ago, so clearly more people are beginning to care. I hope it’s not too late for all the other endangered critters.

Well, I hope they both get lucky. That’s a beautiful bird. We have a rather similar bird here, only vivid red and green, called a rosella. I think it’s a kind of parakeet. I’d hate to see them disappear.

:laughing: Actually, no. They are carnivores that go for carrion. Not like the wombat at all in thsoe habits. Actually, one theory is that their less hygenic ways might leave them prone to unusual infections and maybe there is a serious disease triggered culling every so often that has nothing to do with human damage. They also make a frightening squealing sound when they squabble, which adults do frequently, hence their name. I must admit that their young are extremely cute though and very appealingly playful.

I know… have read about them and seen documentaries… just couldn’t resist saying it, anyhow. :slight_smile:

There’s been an effort to resurrect them through cloning. It was recently abandoned, though, because the genetic material they have is too fragmented. :waah:

I think I read or heard about that. Like Walden, I just hope a family of these guys will just wander in one day, pose for photographs, donate DNA samples and then just wander off again. Oh well, dream on, I guess.

Some Japanese scientists had a project going to bring back mammoths, … well, sort of. The idea was to extract viable sperm from a snap frozen Siberian mammoth and artificially inseminate an elephant. Then, through successive stages of inbreeding, we would get something more and more like a real mammoth. I guess cloning through nuclear transfer might work too if they can find a cell that is intact. That would just about give you a genetic mammoth, except for a bit of mitochondrial elephant DNA. I can’t really tell you why, but I lament the fact we can’t do this for the thylacine but I find the idea of bringing back mammoths decidedly creepy.