Getting back to Murph’s original complaint:
Mass transit works best in highly urban areas. You need a LOT of steady riders to even come close to justifying a heavy rail subway system like BART. If the urban core has most of the jobs in a region, it may be cost effective to run commuter lines. For San Francisco and it’s closer cities, that model works fairly well. For the South Bay, and southern SF peninsula, that model doesn’t work.
An overhead-electric commuter line (with shared rails) is cheaper (doesn’t need full grade separation, can buy much more standard running stock - think CalTrain, for the SF Bay folks), but not as “cool”,
And for suburban areas, bus is probably the best solution - cheap, flexible, and fast to set up.
Then there’s “light rail” - trolleys. In an urban area they’re a good idea - much cheaper than a heavy rail subway, but can handle much more load than busses. But they don’t work well in the suburbs - like any rail solution, they need fairly high ridership to be cost-effective.
The problem is that many of the transportation powers-that-be around here are pushing BART or nothing. San Jose (essentially a huge suburban area with no real urban job center) spent a LOT of money to build a light rail line first - and the farebox recovery has never topped 20 percent of the cost to run it. So now they want to build an even more expensive system (by a couple of orders of magnitude!) to bring commuters to those nonexistant downtown jobs.
What would make a lot more sense (in my opinion) would be to stop BART where it is, add commuter rail links (overhead electric) for the South Bay BART alignment, improve some off the worst freeways, and - important! - add a LOT more bus routes. You could have it up and running much faster, and you could either deliver an equivalent level of service for less money or much better service for the same amount of money.
Sorry, you non-Bay Area folks. I’ve been frustrated about the situation around here for a long time. I used to live within walking distance of a commuter train station and rode the train every day. But now, although I’m less than two miles from a light-rail station (and my current employer is less than half a mile from a commuter train stop), it would add a MINIMUM of an hour a day to my commute time to use the train (drive to station, wait for trolley, ride to train station,wait for train, ride to destination). If I want to use the bus instead of driving to the station at this end, make that a minimum of an hour and a half. A good part of the problem is that in a less urban area the trains don’t run very frequently. What makes the subway systems work in places like New York or London is that they run most places, run very frequently, and are both faster and cheaper than driving. Unless you can duplicate all these attributes, ridership falls off pretty fast.