The Jefferson bible & the Gospel of Thomas

A very interesting long article in this month’s Harper’s.

http://www.mindfully.org/Reform/2005/Jesus-Without-Miracles1dec05.htm

Here’s a few teaser passages:

Something similar was no doubt on the mind of another Virginian, Thomas Jefferson, when he took a pair of scissors to the King James Bible two hundred years ago. Jefferson cut out the virgin birth, all the miracles—including the most important one, the Resurrection—then pasted together what was left and called it The Philosophy of Jesus of Nazareth (fifteen years later, in retirement at Monticello, he expanded the text, added French, Latin, and Greek translations, and called it The Life and Morals of Jesus of Nazareth). In an 1819 letter to William Short, Jefferson recollected that the cut-and-paste job was the work of two or three nights only, at Washington, after getting through the evening task of reading the letters and papers of the day." Jefferson mentioned The Philosophy of Jesus in a few other personal letters, but for the most part he kept the whole matter private, probably guessing that the established Church would see the compilation as one more example of his “atheism.” Nor did Jefferson care to give Federalist newspapers another reason to remind him of alleged sexual relations with his slave Sally Herrings, an entanglement certainly out of keeping with the philosophy of Jesus.

“Thomas” is the Aramaic word for twin. That Thomas Jefferson’s version of Christianity actually found a twin gospel—one that included no miracles, no claims of divinity, but only the teachings of Jesus—hidden beneath an Egyptian cliff, and that this ancient gospel was also recorded by a man known as Thomas, makes for a remarkable story.

This Jesus is obviously no savior, certainly no messiah, which alone would account for why early bishops would have ordered the Gospel of Thomas destroyed. But beyond that, they must have realized that while this teaching might serve the cause of the Jesus movement, an itinerant group of passers-by, it would never do as the basis for an established church. Unlike the Jesus of John’s gospel, this arresting figure does not glory in his own divinity or brood over his sacrificial fate to save mankind. You can save yourself, he tells the crowds: “If you bring forth what is with-in you, what you have will save you. If you do not have that within you, what you do not have within you [will] kill you.” What everyone has within is some fragment of divine light. That spark is proof of our kinship to the Creator—of our own divinity. But human vanities blind us to it. We walk around wearing all sorts of lampshades until we finally convince ourselves that such a light never existed at all. The Jesus of Thomas’s gospel is simply trying to give us back something we already possess. Here is a crucial passage:

Jesus said, “Images are visible to people, but the light within them is hidden in the image of the father’s light. He will he disclosed, but his image is hidden by his light.”

Jesus said, “When you see your likeness, you are happy. But when you see your images that came into being before you and that neither die nor become visible, how much you will bear!”

There is an empirical way of knowing, and there is an intuitive way of understanding. The “father’s light” exists within everyone and “will be disclosed,” but we cannot know it intellectually—we cannot give it an image. Likewise, we comprise two selves—the one we see in the mirror, and the face we had before we were horn. This last paradoxical image exists in nearly all mystical literature—Zen koans, the Kabbalah, the Upanishads—and here, in the Gospel of Thomas. To “see” this imageless image, to know this original self, is to arrive at a nexus where the light within illuminates the world without, and finally shows it for what it truly is—the kingdom of God. For that reason, the kingdom must exist simultaneously within and without. When Jesus’ followers ask him to show them “where you are, for we must seek it,” Jesus replies, "There is light within a person of light, and it shines on the whole world.

It’s typical of my hereticism that I find more to identify with in the Gospel of Thomas than I do in the Sunday School teachings of my childhood.

I am still wading through the Nag Hammadi Library. The language is stiff, to say the least. An interesting parallel to Thomas Jefferson’s cut & paste job was created by a bunch of German bible scholars called The Book of Q. It also makes for interesting reading.

djm

Maybe some day, in the future, the miraculous aspect of Christianity will be more in favor than the philosophical, and someone will publish a book with just the miracles, devoid of the teachings and explanations of Christ.

They already did that. Its called The Wizard of Oz. :smiley: I’m surprised there isn’t a Baptist branch devoted to it. :laughing:

djm

I was really surprised one day at the Richmond (CA) Library. They had a copy of that Jefferson Bible. But surprise of surprises, it was published by one of the Aryan Christian identity groups, who had put a creepy foreword in it. I couldn’t believe the library had purchased it frankly, given that the city of Richmond has a plurality of black people and that library has a huge collection of African-American authors etc etc…

That is distressing.

I’m also a big fan of William Tyndale, the english prose stylistic genius who was the secret source lifted by the King James Bible translators. Nearly every memorable bible phrase from the new testament or the pentateuch is from his pen, as well as that glorious rhythm. He had a literary ear as fine as any writer in english, and second to no one. He’s the secret genius of english lit.

Sadly, he too, has been appropriated by the far-right fundamentalists.

I first got exposed to the Gospel of Thomas in 1995, early in my formal study of theology. There are a number of writings in similar genres to the Biblical gospels that didn’t make it into the final canon. This book is a nice collection:

http://tinyurl.com/dedod

I don’t have this one:

http://tinyurl.com/7ats3

But I noted it on amazon.com

Some of these other gospel materials are fragments. Some are infancy/childhood narratives. Some of those are quite interesting. There’s a story in one about Jesus playing with his friends, making bird figures out of mud. His come to life and fly off. That had to really irritate his friends. You know, Jesus, you’re such a show-off.

I don’t think there’s any doubt that, among legitimate bible scholars, the Gospel of Thomas is taken the most seriously. As the article probably points out (haven’t read it yet), there’s no miracles stories. No narrative, in fact. Just sayings of Jesus. Accordingly, it’s really not in the gospel genre at all…it’s a sayings collection or an example of “wisdom literature.” A lot of people argue that it may be older than the Gospel of Mark, which is almost universally regarded as the oldest of the canonical gospels.

I have read a number of people who believe that it may reveal something of value about the Jesus of history, arguing that the G of T wasn’t redacted, or not to the degree that the canonical Gospels were, by subsequent development of Christian faith.

It’s sure an interesting read. Some of the things it quotes Jesus as saying appear in the biblical Gospels. Some, like “Be passers by,” are most interesting, at least for me. Some are just plain hard to decipher, and one has to figure that they would have made more sense in the cultural and language environment of the time. Probably most often cited:

  1. Jesus said, “Lucky is the lion that the human will eat, so that the lion becomes human. And foul is the human that the lion will eat, and the lion still will become human.”

Say what? I’ve read a number of interpretations but none are terribly satisfying.

This stuff can be really interesting to study…a whole lot more interesting than that silly Da Vinci Code book.


Here’s a translation of the Gospel of Thomas
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/religion/maps/primary/gthomas.html

It’s actually right out of the first book I cited above, Robert Miller, et. al. THE COMPLETE GOSPELS.



Dale

I have the The Complete Gospels: Annotated Scholar’s Version (Dale’s first link).

I find I really disliked the tone the translators adopted. They expressed the desire to put the text into ‘american colloquial’ or something, but I find it appalling. These guys are scholars–I greatly doubt they even speak american colloquial, and they get it horribly wrong in many places, at least to my ears.

Jesus yelling out, “You’d better listen!” and sounding pouty about it is one example I can call to mind.

Christian Identity is no more Christian Fundamentalism than Nation of Islam is traditional Islam.

I’ve got “The Complete Gospels”. I agree with S1m0n that I don’t care for the translation. I also have a book called Ancient Christian Gospels (or something like that) with little better translations. Having read the G of T several times I still cannot see what the Gnostics find so esoteric about it.


I don’t think there’s any doubt that, among legitimate bible scholars, the Gospel of Thomas is taken the most seriously.

Seriously in regards to what aspect?

Book of Q?

or

or even

I guess if you wanted to you could call it the Books of Q :stuck_out_tongue:

I agree entirely. I couldn’t get through their translations of the canonical Gospels. These are Jesus Seminar guys, and they manage to routinely annoy me.

As an additional source regarding the utterances of Jesus.

I thought that’s what you meant but wasn’t sure. Some people take it seriously as a source of some kind of hitherto hidden knowledge that I’ve yet to be able to figure out.

Date for one thing–it’s the only one in among the apocryphal gospels that’s as early as or earlier than anything in the canon.

In other words, Thomas gives us a view into the ideas circulating within a generation or two of Christ’s death.

The other gospels are several hundred years younger. Where they are heretical, they set out to be so, deliberately, whereas Thomas can show us what orthodoxy moved away from.

Likewise, it …

edit, because whatever it is I want to say here I’ve said a bazillion times and is probably material for the other room–you know, that feisty one.

For anybody looking for a different translation of the Gospel of Thomas, you could try this:

http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0385478437?v=glance

I own an earlier edition. I can’t really compare it with other translations; it’s the only one I’ve seen.